Difficulties faced by the development of international trade

The extensive economy cannot meet the needs of the new era

Over the past 30 years, with the continuous expansion of reform and opening up, China's international trade has grown faster and faster, the scale of international trade has reached an unprecedented height, and the foreign trade level of the whole country is also improving. In terms of form, China has made remarkable achievements in international trade. However, if we refine the achievements we have made, we will find that China's current development level in international trade is far from meeting the requirements of developed countries and the new era. This is mainly because China has implemented an extensive economic development model for a long time, with slow economic growth and low quality of international trade, which leads to the failure to optimize China's international trade structure and the difficulty in effectively improving the quality of foreign trade products. Throughout China's current extensive economy, the level of import and export products is still low, the number of high-end economic products with strong innovation ability and independent intellectual property rights is small, and the products have almost no brand advantage.

The foreign trade and economic environment is deteriorating

International trade plays an important role in China's trade structure. Its development level directly affects the development level of China's national economy. Throughout China's current international trade activities, mainly small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises. However, China's government departments and other functional departments have not provided convenient conditions for international trade for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, which makes small and medium-sized enterprises frequently encounter difficulties in the process of actively carrying out international trade. For example, China has issued administrative regulations that strictly restrict the international trade scale of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the tax policy is obviously biased towards large foreign trade enterprises, resulting in frequent setbacks for small and medium-sized enterprises. For example, China's small and medium-sized enterprises pay higher taxes than ordinary taxpayers; Laws and regulations on international trade lack appropriate legal protection against the development threat of small and medium-sized enterprises. For example, the regulations formulated in China's enterprise law and company law are too general, while there are few bills to meet the special requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises, encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to actively participate in International trade and protect the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises in international trade. In this context, the environment for China's small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in international trade is becoming more and more unsatisfactory. At the same time, China's governments at all levels pay too much attention to large enterprises and state-owned enterprises, and even issue preferential policies such as tax, financing and land use to encourage enterprises to participate in international trade, resulting in unreasonable allocation of international trade resources and less and less ideal overall foreign trade economic environment.

International trade risks are increasing

With the continuous development of the trend of economic globalization, the scope of international trade is expanding, and the deepening degree of international trade is also improving. Although China's international trade has obtained greater development opportunities, at the same time, China's international trade subjects have to bear increasing trade risks. First of all, the main products exported by China are resource intensive and labor-intensive products. The export added value is low, and the export volume of high-tech products is relatively small. In this context, China's international trade product level is low, the product technology content is low, and it is difficult for enterprises to obtain high profits. Secondly, China's exports to other countries account for an increasing proportion, which arouses the vigilance of other countries, thus increasing China's international trade risk. For example, in recent years, Russia and other countries have conducted anti-dumping investigations against China's export products for many times, which has virtually hit the credit of China's export product brands and enterprises, reduced customer loyalty and the share of export products in the international market. In addition, the increased trade barriers in order to protect domestic consumption have gradually increased China's international trade risk.

The appreciation momentum of the local currency continued to rise

From the perspective of national protection of national international trade, if the national currency depreciates, the international cost of purchasing domestic international trade products will be reduced, the demand for domestic products will also increase, and domestic international trade products will obtain greater economic benefits due to the victory of quantity. On the contrary, if the domestic currency appreciates, the cost of purchasing domestic products in other countries will increase, the demand of consumers for domestic products will also decrease sharply, and the domestic international economic profit margin will be affected, and even directly affect the development of domestic economy. In recent years, China has exported more and more products and has more and more international customers, which has a certain squeezing effect on the international trade interest space of other countries, especially the United States and other developed countries. These countries have begun to find ways to "cut off" the capital chain of foreign importers, maliciously default on loans, implement large-scale trade protection and other means, Forcing China's RMB appreciation momentum to rise. Although China devalued the RMB several times in 2015, the external factors of RMB appreciation still exist.